Essay about Jamaican Patois - 4705 Words

Jamaican Patois Jamaican Patois, otherwise known as Patwa, Afro. Jamaican, just plain Jamaican or, Creole, is a language that has been until quite recently referred to asungrammatical English.(Adams, 199 1, p . I 1) Creole languages are actually not unique to Jamaica, they are found on every continent although their speakers often do not realize what they are. The rest of the terms refer strictly to Jamaican Creole. Creoles are languages that usually form as the result of some human upheaval which makes it impossible for people to use their own languages to communicate. What people often refer to as the bad or broken-English of Jamaica are actually local Creoles that usually come about through a situation of partial language†¦show more content†¦They looked down on the newly arrived African slaves who spoke their indigenous tongues. To this day there is a strong awareness, even among those at the bottom of the social scale, of the difference between the city and country, especially the remote hill settlements.Bungo talk,is the term placed on the old-fashioned expressions and turn of phrase. The debate surrounding the use of Patois as opposed to Standard English includes a number of issues and dates back to the times of slavery when Jamaicans had Standard English presented as a superior language and the indigenous language was denigrated to an inferior status. Today, more than 90% of the 2.5 million people in Jamaica are descendants of slaves brought from western Africa by the British. English is the official language but, Patois is the local language and still holds its African roots (Pryce, 1997, p.238-9) Most people in Jamaican are somewhere along the continuum between speaking British Standard English and, the local Patois. There is a great deal of linguistic flexibility, depending upon who someone is speaking with, meaning, a Jamaican would probably use different language when speaking withShow MoreRelated Jamaican Patois and the Power of Language in Reggae Music Essay4989 Words   |  20 PagesJamaican Patois and the Power of Language in Reggae Music Introduction Creole languages are found all over the world on every continent. When two or more languages come into contact to form a new language a Creole language is born. Some type of human upheaval that forces people to find a way to communicate, without using their own languages, stimulates the creation of a Creole language. In the case of Creole languages in the Caribbean, the upheaval is the past history of slavery. Most CreoleRead MoreThe Unique Language of Jamaica887 Words   |  3 Pagessaid that Jamaicans have a unique language. Some may say Jamaicans do not have a language of their own. Jamaicans official language however is Standard English. However there has been much confusion in the language we speak because we sometimes or often times speak in what is called Patois, Creole or even Ungrammatical English. This however is not considered a language. Patois is not a native language, it is a second language. Patois is a combination of English and African languages. Patois howeverRead MoreThe English Language Examination Tests1848 Words   |  8 Pagesfavourable, again the report revealed the at there was a ‘serious issue of a lack of understanding of sentence structure’ and formatting. The report also revealed that there was a significant amount of ‘interference from the local creoles/dialects (patois) on the Standard English of a large number of candidates’(2013, 2012) affecting areas such as ‘non-marking of past tense, weak spelling and the use of pronouns’ (ibid, 2013). CXC (ibid) reports that most candidates ‘have not mastered the use ofRead More Comparing the History and Culture of The United States and Jamaica 1380 Words   |  6 Pageslegislative branch is a bicameral Parliament made up of twenty one appointed senators and sixty elected representatives. Lastly, the judicial branch consists of the Court of Appeal and the courts of original jurisdiction (Jamaica) In spite of this, the Jamaican government does not have to govern as many people as the United States’ government is obliged to. The entire country of Jamaica has an area merely of about 4,244 square miles and a population of approximately 2,825,928, with the most populous cityRead MoreThe Cultural and Human Elements of the Great Bob Marley’s Music1054 Words   |  5 Pagesand sung in Patois, an English Dialect spoken in the British Caribbean, mainly in the island of Jamaica. This human and cultural element of language is culture specific to the island of Jamaica since humans diffused and collaborated various languages to form the dialect of Patois. In a 1975 interview by Karl Dallas with Bob Marley, he stated, No, he cant unnerstand that, he says in an aside to Taylor. Thats a patois. Its not straight English you can write. Sometimes we sing in patois. I believeRead MoreCulture Analysis : Jamaica. Jamaica1394 Words   |  6 Pagesrural areas speak patois. Patois is a creole dialect with West African, Spanish, and French elements. The language today reflects the history of the country and its interaction with diverse mixture of cultures from many ethnic, and social backgrounds. The local language is a reflection of a history of contact with variety of speakers, but the official language remains to be standard English (Pryce, 1997). However many Jamaicans feel that if they devalue their native language of patois, then they areRead MoreLanguage As A New Trending Phenomenon2293 Words   |  10 Pagesof mine is patois. A language that originates from a rich history and is only truly spoken by the people of its original country, Jamaica. This country now has of 2.7 million people and is one of the most recognized compared to other islands in the Caribbean. A part of that comes from the language spoken in Jamaica. It gives the Jamaican culture a distinguishable aspect from many others. The language was developed in Jamaica when slaves where brought from Africa to the island. Patois started asRead MorePop Queen Rihann An Overview1405 Words   |  6 PagesBraithwaite (PartyNextDoor) a Jamaican native, Rihanna and Drake. It was also produced by a Jamaican Canadian named known as Matthew Samuels (Boi-1da), Allen Ritter and Sevn Thomas. Allowing her to be a widely_____. Inspired and sampled by a dancehall genre, â€Å"Work† by Rihanna is a love-related emotional song due to the standardized structure that has a repetitive baby talk, and glamour that brings in the commodity. However, â€Å"Work† is not speaking gibberish but Jamaican Patois. The song uses several instrumentRead MoreMy Roller Coaster Of My Life1078 Words   |  5 Pagesboth Standard English, and Patois, the language spoken by most Jamaicans. Here in the United States, speaking Patois made me different and an outsider. From personal experience, having a second language and an accent tends to result in frustration of not being understood and the feeling of stupidity when I am unable to correctly pronounce words like the people of the region. It was important for me to be able to be understood. In Jamaica, people equate speaking Patois to aggressiveness and beingRead MoreMy Life Is A Coaster Inside Of A Maze889 Words   |  4 Pagesfluent in both Standard English, and Patois, the language spoken by most Jamaicans. Here in the United States, speaking Patois made me different and an outsider. From personal experience, having a second language and an accent tend to result in frustration of not being understood and the feeling of stupidity when I am unable to correctly pronounce words like the people of the region. It was important for me to be able to be understood. In Jamaica, speaking Patois is equivalent to aggressiveness and

Art Three Main Types Free Essays

Art: Representational, Abstract, and Nonrepresentational Art is a way to expression a memory, idea, and/or emotion. Art can come from the mind or you can draw it from another source such as media or nature. Art has very different meanings and attempts to get across to other in different ways. We will write a custom essay sample on Art Three Main Types or any similar topic only for you Order Now Art is virtually endless. Art can be be altered to look how the artist wants to make it appear or it can be made to look exactly as it appears in reality  . It is up to the artist to make the image as they desire. Artists usually do so by finding a type of art they are comfortable with doing. Some artists do not like to make art that looks like anything someone has seen before. There are hundreds of different categories of art. Those categories can fall into one of three main types. The three main types in which a piece of art can fall under are representational, abstract, and nonrepresentational. Representational art is art in which the artist attempts to capture the image exactly as it appears. There are several different subcategories that fall under this such as realism and art made during the Renaissance. Artist who tend to make representational art usually are geared to think logically and analytically. Representational art contrasts with abstract art and nonrepresentational art. For instanse the Mona Lisa done by Leonardo Da Vinci is a work of representational art. It is a potrait done in oil to capture the image of Lisa Gherardini. Other works done by Leonardo Da Vinci are also representational. The picture captures what the artist sees in reality rather then what the artist want’s to exaggerate upon. When trying to steer away from physical realities abstract art tends to cover the spectrum of emotions with shapes and lines. This art can vary on whether it contains things that are representation and things that are entirely nonrepresentational. This category of art is everything that falls in between representational art and nonrepresentational art. A great example would be just about any work done by Pablo Piccaso. Cubism is a sub form of abstract art, which is a type of art that Pablo Piccaso is known for. Cubism is when the artist uses geometric shapes to define their work of art in place of the natural organic shapes which would normally be made in representational art. However since the work still has some representation it is not entirely nonrepresentational which lands it in the abstract category. Art that makes no attempt to identify or represent something is called nonrepresentational art. This art does not depict any beings, places or things in the natural world. It is very much like abstract however there are absolutely no representations within this type of art. While the art is not intended to represent anything it usually appeals to emotions with the tone of colors and the way the artist uses their media. An example of this can be expressionism. However this type of art is tricky. Expressionism can also fall under the category of abstract. Since abstract and nonrepresentational art can be closely related it is also easy to confuse the two. While expressionism shows a strong sense of emotions it can also have some representational items within it which allows it to fall into one of the two categories. Representational art can never be expressionism. Fighting Forms by Franz Marc is a good example of expressionistic nonrepresentational art. The artist makes a work from their desired media in order to produce an image or images they want to see in the world rather then allow it to remain in their head for no one to see. An artist usually uses a type of art that they can best relate to. There are sever different types of art to choose from but they all fall into one of three categories. Out of all the different categories of art all of them fall into three different types. They are representational, abstract, or nonrepresentational. How to cite Art Three Main Types, Essay examples

Public Broadcasting Television Networks Free Sample for Students

Question: Discuss the Ways in which the Major Television Networks have tried to stop Audience Erosion over the years Without much Success. What should they do? Answer: Mass communication is the study of transfer of information to a large targeted population at the same time. Audience erosion is the process in which a media companys viewership reduces as days go by. The popular channels that are used in mass communication include: television, radio, newspapers, cinemas and online media (Rowland 1994, p. 6). Online media include use of websites, social media and even YouTube. Blogs have also been used to enhance communication of information over vast number of persons. Role of public broadcasting Public broadcasting television networks are media houses that are ran on tax payers money. They function mainly in providing relevant information about the culture of people, education and entertainment and importantly, inform the general public on the events taking place within its area of service. Public broadcasting functions as a mouth piece of the government. It gives the provision of airing government functions, religious and political functions too. They should not be advert driven as they are financed by the government (Indrajit 2006, p. 15). However, majority have focused on the adverts and led to diversion of their role in content delivery. Media houses have tried to stop audience erosion over the years of operation. They used various strategies to prevent audience erosion by introducing programs that are enticing hence increasing the viewership. The movies that they decide to air determine the audience that is targeted. They have used personalities that are deemed to be influential. The persons strive to impact the viewership by their unique anchorage skills (Jan 2003, p. 72). This includes the type of interviews that they are able to host, their fluency in the English language and their unique voices. Media houses have strived to reduce the rate of erosion by introduction of questions that the audience participates and wins. This factor has been advantageous as they are able to generate revenue and also reward some of their viewers. Airing of various programs has been used to impact the viewership of the media company. The programs being aired consider the age, sex, race and culture of persons. Programs that are not i n accordance with the culture of some people will lead to audience erosion. Programs that are discriminatory and show tribalism or racism have also led to decreased viewership. Timing of the programs and news by various media companies has impacted the viewership by the audience. Improper timing has led to audience erosion. The media houses have to consider the timing as it contributes to the number of viewers it receives (David 2008, p. 13). If the timing is not favorable, many people that were targeted will miss out and thus will lead to audience erosion. Media houses have tried to stop audience erosion by introduction of customer care. The customer care is in charge of determining the needs of the viewers. This task enables them to prepare content that is able to increase the viewership and thus increasing the generation of revenue (Cess 1994, p. 30). Major television networks have tried to reduce erosion of their viewers but have not been successful. Lack of innovative ideas has led to erosion of the audience. This has been facilitated by poor market research that fails to determine the interests of the viewers. Long routines of similar scripts have also led to erosion of the target audience. Certain programs are aired for a relatively long period of time (Stanley 2008, p. 71). This has led to the audience being able to determine the predictability and some loose interest watching them. Predictability erodes the audience of many television networks. Internet has also made the erosion by the media houses to increase. Majority of the programs being aired by the media houses can be easily accessed over in the internet. This leads to reduced viewership as the content is readily available to those that seek it (Anthony 1992, p. 163). BBC has suffered audience erosion due to the effect that was brought about by lack of innovative sched uling. Being a current affair television network, it suffered major setbacks that led to it is erosion of the audience. Lack of diversity affected it greatly. Negative scandals that affected the top personalities that worked with BBC led to erosion of the viewers. BBC failed to target the youth as it had barely no program that was youth oriented (Simon 2012, p. 39). Media / television networks can prevent audience erosion by determining the correct platform. This includes determining the interests of the audience. The choices that are available help in determining what is to be aired. Marketers ought to do research on daily basis so as to determine the content that the audience needs. This helps in preparation of content that is tailored to the specifications of the viewers. Increased engagement with the audience will led to reduction of audience erosion (Nancy 2015, p. 158). This functions to determine their wants. Utilization of social media in communication has its disadvantages in determining the needs of the audience. A covered approach will fail to determine the needs of the audience. Proper communication and feedback to the clients will help in knowing their needs. The television networks have to know the content that their viewers are interested in. media houses that have the content that their viewers needed have an easy time with increased viewership and increased revenue. Media companies that answer the questions of their clients are able to prevent audience erosion. This can be achieved by developing strategies and programs that meet their needs. Having proper insight on the content that is required favors the media industry to prevent erosion. This can be achieved through extensive research on the current landscape that is appealing to the audience. The accurateness of the content enables the audience to remain glued to the television (Indrajit 2008, p. 113). The television networks ought to give alternatives to what the other television companies are offering. This will bring about diversity and thus increasing the viewership. Television networks can prevent erosion by offering a little more than what was offered by other companies. This can be achieved by airing documentaries that have behind the scenes that enable the audience have a better picture of what really happened. Engaging with the viewers online will enable the attention being paid by the audience to increase. This increases the prospects of advertisers and thus increasing the generation of revenue. The internet has come in handy to provide much relevant information within a short period of time. The swiftness of getting tailored information has impacted the erosion of the audience. Television networks can utilize this platform by developing a website that is able to fragment the various news that is being aired so that the audience has an option of choosing what to watch. They can achieve this by having a section of previews of the various content owned by the television company. Media companies that run blogs have to dedicate much of their time in ensuring that the articles being published are true and not merely rumors (Sherwyn 2006, p. 54). This means that the articles have to be insightful and accurate in their reporting. Consistency and reliability is very crucial I the television indus try. Major television networks have achieved the reliability aspect on delivering various news and programs within the said time. However, consistency of the content being delivered at times is compromised. Media houses have to be consistent in the content being aired. They have to consider the demands of the viewers so as to prevent erosion of the audience. The television networks have to be social. Socializing is a two way process. The television companies enable us to socialize by their entertainment. They should also engage with the audience for feedback (Anders 1998, p. 181). The information gathered from the feedback has the ability to determine the necessary adjustments to be made. Audience erosion is brought about by change in times and with the availability of digital media, many television companies have experienced audience erosion. Mass communication entails having a wide and vast network. There are local media companies and international media companies. International media companies such as BBC and CNN have also faced audience erosion in the recent times. Reduced viewership has affected them due to lack of innovation to adopt to the changes in the media industry. The target audience ought to be heterogeneous. The local and international media houses ought to incorporate all persons (Don 2016, p. 75). They have to consider the differences of gender, age, religion, culture and race. Failure in consideration of the interests of all the above groups leads to audience erosion. Ability to avoid discrimination. Media houses should function without biasness. If the audience view that the houses are discriminating against other persons, there is a possibility of audience erosion. Media houses ought to maintain professionalism when communicating to their audience. Media houses ought to listen to the feedback that is received from their audience. Reduced or no feedback means that the viewership of the media house has reduced or the number of people watching is significantly low. Mass communication has to incorporate intermediary channels in the transmission of information. The intermediary channels include newspapers, televisions or newspapers. Cinemas can also be used in the circulation of information. Media companies have to communicate to the public for the awareness purposes. This serves to communicate to the public on the availability of the media houses. This will help in increasing their target audience. Marketing of the media houses can be done through newspapers, radio, television, posters and online. Media houses ought to know that the audience have a variety to choose from. The programs that are aired in various media houses have a target audience. Insensitivity of the media to consider the needs of the general public will lead to erosion of audience (Arthur 1995, p. 48). Media houses ought to use attractive personalities to increase viewership of the media house. CNN has used great personalities that contribute to increased viewership. People like Zain Asher, Jim Acosta, Shahira Amin, Becky Anderson and Peter Arnett have contributed a great deal in increasing the viewership. Media personalities should try and be relevant and have the professionalism in them. Lack of prop er communication will lead to audience erosion. Equipment used to achieve information transfer to the target audience has to be of the latest technology. Utilization of old and not up to date technology will lead to audience erosion. The equipment being used ought to be attractive in terms of the clarity of images and sound. Poor sound and image quality will lead to decreased viewership. Media companies have to be rapid in the transfer of information from the source to the target audience. Communication of stale news leads to audience erosion as the audience will have viewed or listened it from other channels (Michael 1992, p. 179). Strategies to address erosion by TV stations. Erosion that occurs in television networks can be prevented by ensuring that the content being aired is what is expected by the targeted audience. The television media companies e.g. BBC, CNN, ABC and Mediacorps can prevent audience erosion by ensuring that the content being aired is the one that was requested by the audience. Media houses should do proper timing to ensure that majority of the programs being aired are able to reach the targeted audience. This functions to incorporate all the age groups in their viewership (Khalil 2006, p. 312). The television networks are expected to use personalities that are able to pull the viewership from the targeted audience. This can be achieved by utilizing celebrities to co-host certain shows. Reduced advertisements during major programs will help reduce the rate of erosion. Majority of the viewers get bored when local television networks run advertisements for a relatively long period of time. Adequate socialization between the viewers and the television networks will help in reducing the rate of erosion (Pippa 2002, p. 171). Introduction of diversity within the television networks will help in preventing reduction in the number of viewers that stop watching. This can be achieved by incorporating the various cultures within a particular region. Introduction of online programing. This can be achieved through ensuring that all programs that are aired can be uploaded to the website where it can be accessed easily. Media companies can also strive to offer an alternative to what the other media companies are offering (Gary 2011, p. 68). This serves to introduce the uniqueness and thus maintaining the viewership. Alternative content can involve offering behind the scenes of various programs that are being aired, documentaries that encourage the diversity in the society and informative content that promotes the local talent e.g. art. Credibility and reliability of the information being aired also affects the viewership. The more reliable a media house is the more the viewership. Digitalization of the content bei ng aired increases the targeted audience. Digital media has the capability of reaching more persons than those that can be reached over television broadcasting (Thomas 1994, p. 32). Televisions that are grappling with the issue of audience erosion include: Aljazeera, BBC, CNN, ABC and NBC. This media houses have been affected by audience erosion since they lack diversity. Change in demography impacts the television networks. Demography entails the statistical changes that occur within a population due to birth, death or migration. Migration can be into and out of the country and thus affecting the structure of the audience. Demographical changes in the media industry are expected and thus proper mitigation strategies ought to be drafted. The policies will entail the roles that the researchers will undertake so as to determine the appropriate content is viewed by the targeted audience. With demographical changes, new opportunities are presented which lead to the growth of the television networking (Francesco 2013, p. 94). Jamie Saville worked with the BBC for a long period of time. It came to the limelight that he had abused children by sexually molesting them. This happened as he carried out his charity work and other assaults happened in the BBC premises. He utilized his fame as a media personality while he hosted his shows such as top of the pops and clunk, clink. The allegations were brought forward after his death. The management of BBC during his tenure had learnt of his alleged actions but never took any action. A report on the conduct of Jamie Saville was prepared but the management refused to air it (Bowcott 2012, 3). The credibility of BBC had been compromised and since the allegations were proven to be true, the company suffered from audience erosion. Jamie Saville scandal led to the decrease of the ratings of the company. Brian Sewell was a media personality who was known for his strong criticism of art. In the media, Brian came to the lime light due to his controversial statements against the females. He never compared females as equal personalities in the art industry. He had a strong opinion and he was known by the insults that he used against the general public. Brian provided many voice recordings for many commercials. Brian served as an art critic in the Tatler magazine having been employed by Tina Brown. He won various awards from George Orwells prize for his contribution to the Evening Standard. He championed for art and claimed that exhibitions should not be held at the Baltic center but should be hosted in a more complex audience. He was credited having worked in various programs. Among his memorable works are: The works, the missing masterpiece done in the year 1996 and the great story ever sold as he worked as an art critic in BBC in the year 2006. Media personalities should refrain from i ssuance of strong words that discriminate against other persons (Townson university website, 2017). Change in programing Proper scheduling in television networks helps the media houses to capture the vital times that their targeted audience are able to tune in. This can be achieved by considering the times that the audience is free. Program scheduling can be done considering the age of the targeted audience, content availability and demand. Programs can be prepared that are youth oriented. Such programs function to motivate and help them gain better morals. Youth oriented programs consider the age of the viewers (Charles 1990, p. 54). The youth are targeted as they are the ready consumers of information. Adverts that run in youth programs have a seventy percent market compared to the other age groups. Change in programing must also focus on the visual aspect of the media company. Utilization of up to date technology helps in pulling a ready audience. This can be achieved by utilizing modern graphics, better sound systems and better clarity cameras. This factor entails modernizing the media house so as to embrace the latest technological changes. Digitalization helps in growing the audience. With the digital development, many people are better equipped with smart phones that enable them to access the content online. Failure to digitalize a television network hampers the growth of the viewership. Digitalized media is able to reach a vast population all over the world. Political alignments have led to the reliability of various media houses to be compromised. The media houses should act as a neutral ground for all the stakeholders. This factor contributes to the erosion of audience. Television networks such as BBC, CNN, ABC and NBC ought to act as neutral players. Persons who are of the divergent opinion are likely to move and watch alternative television networks as they feel better placed. The above companies being reputable current affairs television providers should strive to prevent alignment on political differences. Diversity in a television network helps to cater for the general public. The situation that was at BBC sometimes back had led it to lose viewership by it is members. Incorporating other members in the media industry helps the viewers to have a sense of ownership (Clint 1995, p. 93). This is because the diversity will be able to cater for the needs of the other cultures. BBC, CNN, Aljazeera etcetera should embrace diversity so that they are able to document better documentaries on the way of life of other persons. References Anders Hansen, 1998.Mass Communication Research Methods. First Edition Edition. NYU Press Anthony J. Ferri, 1992.Teaching Mass Communication: A Guide to Better Instruction (Media and Communications; 34). Edition. Praeger. Arthur Asa Berger, 1995.Essentials of Mass Communication Theory. 1 Edition. SAGE Publications, In Bowcott Owen, 2012. The Guardian. London Cees J. Hamelink, 1994.Mass Communication Research: On Problems and Policies (Communication and Information Science). Edition. Praeger Charles K. Atkin, Lawrence Wallack-1990.Mass Communication and Public Health: Complexities and Conflicts (SAGE Focus Editions). 1 Edition. SAGE Publications, Inc Clint C. Wilson, 1995.Race, Multiculturalism, and the Media: From Mass to Class Communication. 2nd Edition. SAGE Publications, Inc. David W. Park, Jefferson Pooley - 2008.The History of Media and Communication Research: Contested Memories. 1st New edition Edition. Peter Lang Inc., International Academic Publishers. Don W. Stacks PhD, 2016.Primer of Public Relations Research, Third Edition. 3 Edition. The Guilford Press Francesco C. Billari, Alexia Prskawetz - 2013.Agent-Based Computational Demography: Using Simulation to Improve Our Understanding of Demographic Behaviour (Contributions to Economics). 2003 Edition. Physica. Gary S. Messinger, 2011.The Battle for the Mind: War and Peace in the Era of Mass Communication. Edition. University of Massachusetts Press Indrajit Banerjee Kalinga Seneviratne, 2006.Public Service Broadcasting in the Age of Globalization. 1st Edition. Asian Media Information and Communication Centre and Wee Kim Wee School of Communication and Information, Nanyang Technological University, Singapore Indrajit Banerjee, 2008.Asian Communication Handbook 2008. Edition. Asian Media Information Communication Centre (AMIC) Jan E. Leighley, 2003.Mass Media and Politics: A Social Science Perspective (New Directions in Political Behavior). 1 Edition. Cengage Learning Khalil Rinnawi, 2006.Instant Nationalism: McArabism, al-Jazeera, and Transnational Media in the Arab World. Edition. UPA Michael D. MurrayAnthony J. Ferri, 1992.Teaching Mass Communication: A Guide to Better Instruction (Media and Communications; 34). Edition. Praeger. Nancy Weatherly Sharp, 2015.Communications Research: The Challenge of the Information Age. 1 Edition. Syracuse University Press Rowland Lorimer, 1994.Mass Communications: A Comparative Introduction. Edition. Manchester Univ Pr. Simon J. Potter, 2012.Broadcasting Empire: The BBC and the British World, 1922-1970. 1 Edition. Oxford University Press Sherwyn P. Morreale, 2006.Human Communication: Motivation, Knowledge, Skills. 2 Edition. Cengage Learning Stanley J. Baran, 2008.Mass Communication Theory: Foundations, Ferment, and Future. 5 Edition. Cengage Learning Pippa Norris, 2002.Democratic Phoenix: Reinventing Political Activism. Edition. Cambridge University Press Thomas Elsaesser, 1994.Writing for the Medium: Television in Transition (Film Culture in Transition). 1 Edition. Amsterdam University Press Towson University. 2017.Department of Mass Communication Communication Studies | Towson University. [ONLINE] Available at:https://www.towson.edu/cofac/departments/communication/. [Accessed 07 April 2017]

People Communication free essay sample

One of the main reasons that people communicate is to understand each other. Without the ability to communicate nobody would understand what is expected of them and we wouldn’t know the needs of others. People also communicate to share their wants, needs and feelings. In order for us to adequately care for someone we need to know and understand what they expect from us and how they feel about different situations. Without communication we wouldn’t be able to have a conversation therefore wouldn’t know anybody’s likes or dislikes. We communicate to give and receive support and to express our thoughts, ideas and information. By doing all of this we also make and develop relationships through communicating. Aii) a) Effective communication can affect relationships in a positive way. It helps to ensure that the needs of each individual are met. When sharing information it helps to avoid misunderstandings, which will create a stronger relationship between colleagues and other professionals. We will write a custom essay sample on People Communication or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page It will also help to built trust and respect. ) Effective communication can also affect relationships between individuals using the service and their carers. If the individual understands what the carer is doing is will help create a calmer and positive atmosphere which will eventually help to build a strong relationship between the carer and the individual. It will also help the carer to understand the needs and feelings of the individual. Aiii) There are many ways to find out the communication and language needs of an individual. One way is to talk to the individual/observe the individual. Although if the individual is fully comprehendible this is a good method – if the individual is not able to speak, understand you or is confused the information you would receive could be wrong. Although I would immediately know if the individual is visually or hearing impaired. Another way is to talk to the family. This is a good way of finding out how they communicate with the individual, which will establish a familiarity for the individual. However this may not be the method of communication that the individual prefers. Another method would be to look in their care plan. This method is usually reliable and will have all the individuals past information in too, however it may not have been updated in awhile or may have been documented incorrectly due to human error and therefore will become ineffective. Aiv) When promoting effective communication you have to take into consideration a number of things. One of these is whether the individual understands you. Usually the individual will express either verbally or by facial expressions whether they understand you or not. Another factor to consider is the best method of communication with that particular individual. Obviously every one id different and will prefer to communicate in certain ways. For example, if you have an individual who is hard of hearing you could use a white board or sign language. Another factor to consider would be whether there were any language barriers. Av) There are many different methods and styles of communication that a social care worker may use. This may be verbal such as; Using a telephone – in this method only verbal communication is used as there is no body language to provide extra support. The only factors to consider with verbal communication is the tone and pitch that is used; Face to face – this verbal method is also supported by body language and facial expressions; Paraphrasing – where the social care worker will repeat what the individual has said to them to ensure they have heard correctly. To do this the care worker may re-word what the individual has said using more understandable vocabulary; Clarification – where the social care worker will sum up the conversation to ensure they have understood and Open questions – this method required more than a yes or no answer. There are also non-verbal methods such as; Sign language or lip reading – this is very effective with individuals who are hard of hearing; E-Mail – this method is good when communicating with other professionals, members of staff or the individual’s family; Pen and paper/ whiteboard – this method would be good for individuals who are deaf or hard of hearing who don’t understand sign language. Using gestures is also another good behavioural method of communicating and can be used with either verbal communication or non-verbal. Avi) It is important to respond to an individual’s reaction when communication as you can ensure that they have understood you. This will help to develop a stronger relationship and will allow the individual to feel heard and accepted. Avii) An individual’s background will influence their communication methods greatly. For example, if an individual hasn’t been listened to in the past or has been ignored then they won’t feel that they will be listened to now. It also depends how they communicated in their hometown. For example, if they’re from somewhere where everyone spoke fast they will have difficulty having a conversation with someone who spoke slowly. However they would continue to talk fast irrespective of the community they now live in. Depending on where in the UK they’re from will also depend on what accent they have – this can lead to a possible communication barrier as many people find it difficult to understand people with strong accents. If they are from another country then they will have another language that they speak and may find it difficult to learn a new language or to understand what is being communicated to them. Therefore they may use a translator or if they are able to write in their new language they would use a non-verbal communication method. Aviii) There are many different communication barriers. One being language differences. To overcome this you may get in an interpreter or allow the individual to have language lessons to help them understand. You could also use makaton or sign language if the individual was able to understand that method or use body language and gestures to help. Another communication barrier could be a physical barrier. To overcome this you would need to identify the preferred method of communication – this could be body language, gestures, eye contact, physical touch, facial expressions, spoken language, makaton or sign language, writing, drawing or pictures. Another barrier could be cultural differences. To overcome this you could have to check each individuals record to ensure you are aware of which culture they are from. You could also speak to a family member, friends or someone else who is form the same culture to learn and understand a bit more about it or use the internet to look it up. Aix) A strategy that you could use to clarify misunderstandings that you may have would be to ask verbally if the individual understood what you were communicating to them and then repeat yourself if they haven’t fully understood. You could also get another carer/person to explain it to them or try a different method of communication such as writing/ drawing/ makaton etc. Ax) To enable a more effective communication with individuals you could use their preferred spoken language or use signs, symbols, objects or write it down for them. You would use the appropriate communication style to ensure you are communicating in a way which is sensitive to the in individuals needs, concerns and reactions. You could also ensure you allow the individual nough time to process and understand what is being communicated to them and ensure they have the correct communication aids that they needs for example hearing aids. If needed they could access extra support for example, interpreters or translators, signers or special equipment or aids to help the, understand. Task B Case Study Bi) Confidentiality means not sharing any information with anyone about someone else without their knowledge or agreement unless they are putting th emselves or someone else at risk. I would explain to Hannah that although she is an individual and has a right to choose whether or not she takes the tablet, she is putting her health at risk and therefore I would have to share the information with my manager to ensure that she stays healthy and safe. I would also tell Hannah that I won’t be sharing the information with her daughter unless she agreed to it. Bii) As Hannah is putting herself at risk a number of different people would need to be notified. These would include all the care staff and the senior carer, the manager and possibly her Nurse/ Doctor as they would be able to ensure her safety and help her to understand the benefits of taking her tablet. Although Hannah would be upset that I shared the information with other health care professionals, if her Daughter found out the strong relationship between them could potentially break down. Biii) Any information that is shared during work should remain at work and information shouldn’t be passed onto people who aren’t in a health care profession or working along side you. Any information regarding other individuals or staff members shouldn’t be discussed with other service users. All the residents information such as their care plans should be kept in a locked cupboard so they are out of reach from visitors and other residents. Information regarding an individual shouldn’t be passed out over the phone unless told by a senior member of staff and you should ensure that you can’t be overheard by anyone when talking about an individual or member of staff. Biv) A social care worker should get advice on confidentiality when they feel that someone is potentially at risk. If the care worker decides that keeping the information to themselves could cause harm to themselves, the individual or someone else then they should get further information. This can be found in the policies and procedures and their staff manual. They could also ask a senior member of staff or their manager.

Free Essays on Security Problems

Many people today are familiar with the Internet and its use. The Internet is a mass communication device and place for the freedom of mind and thoughts. It is an information source as well as a booming virtual market place for many businesses. The Internet is an enormous well of information that contains both good and bad. Computer porn is a major concern for parents of a household that have their children surfing the Internet in today’s world. Also, a large number of its users however, are not aware of the security problems they face when using the Internet. Most users feel they are anonymous when on-line, yet in actuality they are not. The user is free to browse and or transfer information with others and there are some very easy ways to protect the user from future problems. The Internet has brought many advantages to its users but has also created some major problems. The Government wants the Internet fully regulated, while those in academics want the Internet devoted exc lusively to scholarly research. This is where many moral and ethical questions arise concerning the Internet. Security is a major issue with the Internet because the general public now has access to it. When only the government and higher education had access, there was no worry about credit card numbers and other types of important data being taken. There are many advantages the Internet brings to its users, but there are also many problems with the Internet security, especially when dealing with personal security, business security, and the government involvement to protect the users. The Internet is a new, barely regulated frontier, and there are many reasons to be concerned with security. The same features that make the Internet so appealing such as interactivity, versatile communication and customizability ... Free Essays on Security Problems Free Essays on Security Problems Many people today are familiar with the Internet and its use. The Internet is a mass communication device and place for the freedom of mind and thoughts. It is an information source as well as a booming virtual market place for many businesses. The Internet is an enormous well of information that contains both good and bad. Computer porn is a major concern for parents of a household that have their children surfing the Internet in today’s world. Also, a large number of its users however, are not aware of the security problems they face when using the Internet. Most users feel they are anonymous when on-line, yet in actuality they are not. The user is free to browse and or transfer information with others and there are some very easy ways to protect the user from future problems. The Internet has brought many advantages to its users but has also created some major problems. The Government wants the Internet fully regulated, while those in academics want the Internet devoted exc lusively to scholarly research. This is where many moral and ethical questions arise concerning the Internet. Security is a major issue with the Internet because the general public now has access to it. When only the government and higher education had access, there was no worry about credit card numbers and other types of important data being taken. There are many advantages the Internet brings to its users, but there are also many problems with the Internet security, especially when dealing with personal security, business security, and the government involvement to protect the users. The Internet is a new, barely regulated frontier, and there are many reasons to be concerned with security. The same features that make the Internet so appealing such as interactivity, versatile communication and customizability ... Free Essays on Security Problems Many people today are familiar with the Internet and its use. The Internet is a mass communication device and place for the freedom of mind and thoughts. It is an information source as well as a booming virtual market place for many businesses. The Internet is an enormous well of information that contains both good and bad. Computer porn is a major concern for parents of a household that have their children surfing the Internet in today’s world. Also, a large number of its users however, are not aware of the security problems they face when using the Internet. Most users feel they are anonymous when on-line, yet in actuality they are not. The user is free to browse and or transfer information with others and there are some very easy ways to protect the user from future problems. The Internet has brought many advantages to its users but has also created some major problems. The Government wants the Internet fully regulated, while those in academics want the Internet devoted exc lusively to scholarly research. This is where many moral and ethical questions arise concerning the Internet. Security is a major issue with the Internet because the general public now has access to it. When only the government and higher education had access, there was no worry about credit card numbers and other types of important data being taken. There are many advantages the Internet brings to its users, but there are also many problems with the Internet security, especially when dealing with personal security, business security, and the government involvement to protect the users. The Internet is a new, barely regulated frontier, and there are many reasons to be concerned with security. The same features that make the Internet so appealing such as interactivity, versatile communication and customizability also make it an ideal way for someone to keep a care...

Understanding Primary and Secondary Groups in Sociology

Understanding Primary and Secondary Groups in Sociology The study of social groups is the main focus of many sociologists because these groups illustrate how human behavior is shaped by group life and how group life is affected by individuals. The two groups on which social scientists mainly focus are primary and secondary groups, called primary because they are a persons primary source of relationships and socialization or secondary because they are of less importance but still significant to the individual. What Are Social Groups? Social groups  consist of two or more people who regularly interact and share a sense of unity and common identity. They see each other often and consider themselves as part of the group. Most people belong to many different types of social groups. They could include family, neighbors, or members of a sports team, a club, a church, a college class, or a workplace. What social scientists are interested in is how the members of these groups relate and interact. Early American sociologist Charles Horton Cooley introduced the concepts of primary and secondary groups in his 1909 book  Social Organization: A Study of the Larger Mind. Cooley was interested in how people develop a sense of self and identity through their relationships and interactions with others. In his research, Cooley identified two levels of social organization  that are composed of two different kinds of social structure. What Are Primary Groups? Primary groups are small and characterized by close, personal, and intimate relationships that last a long time, maybe a lifetime. These relationships are deeply personal and loaded with emotion. The members typically include family, childhood friends, romantic partners, and members of religious groups who have regular face-to-face or verbal interaction and a shared culture and frequently engage in activities together. The ties that bind the relationships in primary groups are made up of love, caring, concern, loyalty, and support. These relationships play important roles in the formation of individuals sense of self and identity because these people are influential in the development of values, norms, morals, beliefs, worldview, and everyday behaviors and practices of all members of the group. The relationships play important roles in the process of socialization that people experience as they age. What Are Secondary Groups? Secondary groups comprise relatively impersonal and temporary relationships that are goal- or task-oriented  and are often found in employment or educational settings. While the relationships within primary groups are intimate, personal, and enduring, the relationships within secondary groups are organized around narrow ranges of practical interests or goals without which these groups would not exist. Secondary groups are functional groups created to carry out a task or achieve a goal. Typically a person becomes a member of a secondary group voluntarily, out of shared interest with the others involved. Common examples include coworkers in an employment setting or students, teachers, and administrators in an educational setting. Such groups can be large or small, ranging from all the employees or students within an organization to the select few who work together on a project. Small secondary groups such as these often disband after completion of the task or project. A secondary group does not exercise a primary influence over its members because they do not live in the presence and thoughts of one another. The average member plays a passive role, and the warmth of the relationships in primary groups is missing Primary Groups vs. Secondary Groups An important distinction between secondary and primary groups is that the former often have an organized structure, formal rules, and an authority figure who oversees the rules, members, and the project or task in which the group is involved. Primary groups, on the other hand, are typically informally organized, and the rules are more likely to be implicit and transmitted through socialization. While it is useful to understand the distinctions between primary and secondary groups and the different kinds of relationships that characterize them, its also important to recognize that there can be overlap between the two. For example, an individual could meet a person in a secondary group who over time becomes a close, personal friend or a romantic partner who becomes a spouse. These people become part of the individuals primary group. Such an overlap can result in confusion or embarrassment for those involved, for instance, when a child enters a school where a parent is a teacher or administrator or when an intimate romantic relationship develops between coworkers. Key Takeaways Here is a nutshell description of social groups and the distinctions between primary and secondary social groups: Social groups  include two or more people who interact and share a sense of unity and common identity.Primary groups are small and characterized by close, personal relationships that last a long time.Secondary groups include impersonal, temporary relationships that are goal-oriented.Secondary groups often have an organized structure, an authority figure who oversees the rules, while primary groups are typically informally organized.There often is an overlap between primary and secondary groups that arises, for example, if an individual forms a personal relationship with someone in a secondary group. Sources: https://study.com/academy/lesson/types-of-social-groups-primary-secondary-and-reference-groups.html sociologydiscussion.com/difference-between/differences-between-primary-social-group-and-secondary-social-group/2232 https://quizlet.com/93026820/sociology-chapter-1-flash-cards/

Event Marketing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Event Marketing - Assignment Example The organization will use a consistent selection method in every city. The site chosen for the event will be a public library within each city. The largest public library in each city will be the top choice for the event. The quantity of books in the libraries represents the wealth of knowledge that can be attained by developing a study habit and incorporating reading into the weekly routine. During the event the organization will have different guess celebrity speakers talking to the kids about their experience with reading and how much it has helped their lives. In order to attract a lot of kids to the event Read America will solicit the help of a non-profit organization called NBA Cares. NBA Cares is the National Basketball Association global community outreach initiatives that address important social issues such as education, family values, and poverty (Nba, 2011). The organization will select successful retired basketball players who are icons in each city. The retired players that will be speakers at the event are Earvin â€Å"Magic† Johnson, Alonzo Mourning, Patrick Ewing, Michael Jordan, and Larry Bird.